Interviewing Techniques Essay Example for Free

Interviewing Techniques Essay Experiments can be set up for psychologists to obtain information to observe what people do under different circumstances; they also use observation techniques to record segments of behaviour in more or less natural circumstances. We have often asked ourselves, Why dont psychologists ask people directly about themselves? we have encountered this technique as part of the overall participant observation method. However there are many ways the psychological researcher asks questions. In this essay I will be concentrating on studies where the gathering of information through direct questioning is the primary research source, this is usually done face to face but often by telephone or email. Face to face interviews range in a style across the series of structured from fixed to open-ended questions. Answers to open-ended questions are put into categories such as left wing/right wing for political questions or they are rated on a scale from one to ten. In less structured interviews response analysis is a long, complicated and interpretive process. Interviews such as the informal interview has an overall data aim, here the indirect approach is used were the researcher involved displays no authority, listens patiently, gives no advice or argument and only asks questions when necessary. In the relaxed atmosphere of the informal interview respondents can talk on their own terms and are not constrained by fixed answer questions. However this produces rather narrow information. The semi-structured interview is similar to the informal interview whereas preset questions were not asked at the same order or time but the researcher is provided with an outline of topics to be covered and questions to be asked. The semi-structured approach is very common and tends to be the choice in much qualitative work. The advantages of this method are that there is a natural conversation flow and respondents are free to explore other avenues of thought. These are finely balanced against the disadvantages; from the positivists point of view there is a weak reliability or comparison across respondents. Interviews can also be a standardised procedure, this can be known as the structured but open-ended method. Here the researcher gives preset questions in a predetermined order to each of the respondents, this keeps the multiplicity of interpersonal variables to a minimum and ensures greater consistency in the data collected. However the respondents are still free to answer the questions in any way. The fully structured interview also has preset and ordered questions but here there is also a fixed answer to each question. This is usually a face-to-face technique but occasionally can be conducted by telephone or post, however this may reduce bias even further. The structured method is usually in use when you are stopped in the street as part of a survey. Responses are counted and analysed numerically. Many researchers who argue that structured approaches leave little time for normal conversation would reject these last two methods. Semi- structured and lesser approaches on the other hand allow the respondents the opportunity to express what they have to say. (Smith 1996). Another method of research is the Focus group interview; this usually consists of a group of 8 people on a specific topic. However, the focus group is not a discussion, a problem solving session or a decision making group, it is an interview. Merton et al (1956) wrote The Focus Interview a classic in this area. Using the focus group method is an efficient technique of qualitative data collection and it is also very timesaving, whereas a group is interviewed rather than an individual. However facilitating a group requires group skills and as with any group power struggles will be played out. To conduct a successful interview the researcher must set a Purpose Statement which should include the questions for the interview, who and what the information is for and how it will be used. According to Patton (1990) there are six main questions, experience, knowledge, feelings, opinions, behaviour and sensory, whereas Turner (1982) stated that the setting is pivotal to the whole work, and rests to some extent of the knowledge of the researcher. Questions should be worded correctly, you should begin with a purpose statement, never ask why questions, use probing questions and use the interviewees language. Things can also go wrong, so the researcher must be prepared. Interviewers have 3 common choices for the saving of data: note taking, audiotape or video recordings. Throughout this essay I have examined many methods of interview techniques and explained the advantages and disadvantages of each. Semi- structured and informal methods are very similar in style, were there is a relaxed atmosphere for the participating respondents and they are both efficient for data collection. The structured approach, whether it be face-to-face, postal or by telephone seem to be less time consuming but validity and reliability are weak.

Fountainhead :: essays papers

Fountainhead Fountainhead Book Report Roark and Keating Howard Roark and Peter Keating are two characters whose goals in life are similar, but the manner in which they go about achieving them differs greatly. Howard Roark, the protagonist of the story, is a man whose only passion is architecture and has wanted to be an architect since he was a boy. Peter Keating, the antagonist of the story representing everything Roark hates in society, is a follower in life and whose only prerogative is to get ahead in the world, no matter what the cost or who he has to use in the process. He too strives to be an architect, but his motives are more about money and power unlike Roark, who would work for free if he had to in order to build what he wants to see created as long as he was allowed to do things his way. Throughout the book, the success of the two men in their careers is compared to one another, as well as an analysis on how they go about achieving that success. While more obstacles may lie in the way of Roark's path than of Keating's, he consistently refuses to compromise his integrity no matter what benefits may come of it. Keating, on the other hand, has no concern about what means he has to use to accomplish what he's all about, money and power. In my paper, I will attempt to show how the differences in these two character's personalities affect how the world and individuals close to them perceive them and their actions. 2 Keating's mother, for example, is an overprotective, overbearing women with whom Roark and Keating both lived with while attending Stanton University. Keating's mother appears to be a woman that enjoys imposing her views on others by looking for weak spots in their personalities and creeping in through those venues. An example of this technique in action is displayed with her son Peter, with whom she consistently appeals to his desire for success in life by showing him what great things he could achieve if he would just do as she says, such as marry Dominique Francon, daughter of the owner of the best architecture firm in the country. Her ability to persuade Peter by imposing guilt on him and criticizing his methods of going about things is linked to a weakness in his personality; he really cares about what other people think.

Algorithm: Flowchart and Trailer Record

Student Name Syed Haseeb Hashmi Registration # FA11-BCS-075 Course Title Design and Analysis of Algorithm Assignment # 1 Submitted To Sir Tanveer Ahmed Siddiqui Due Date 19-03-2013 For Odd Role Number Group Q1. How does a flowchart help a programmer in a program development? Ans. Flowcharts provide the visual representation of a concept and make it clear. A flow chart serves as a blueprint of the program. Flowcharts helps a programmer organize his/her thoughts in a logical order and their presentation.Program development without graphics may be less effective. In big projects it gets difficult to keep things together. Flowcharts provide flexibility, so that you can make changes and restructure the project as you move further and, according to requirement. Flowcharts act as a guide during the analysis and program development phase. Moreover they are also helpful in debugging process. Q2. Draw a flowchart of the logical steps needed to produce a printed listing of all students over the age of 20 in a class. The input records contain the name and age of the students.Assume a sentinel value of 99 for the age field of the trailer record. Sol. Q3. The first 20 records in a data set are to be read and printed. Draw a flowchart for the algorithm to do this job. Make sure that the processing stops after the twentieth record. Sol. Q4. For the employees problem of Question 40 ( even group Q3), we want to count and print the number of only male employees in the age group of 25 to 30. Assume that the input records contain SexCode and Age fields to provide this information. Draw a flowchart for the algorithm to perform this job. Sol. Q5.A set of examination papers, which have been graded with scores form 0 to 100 is to be searched to find how many of them are above 90. The total has to be printed. Prepare a flowchart to do this job. Assume a suitable sentinel value for the trailer record. Sol. Q6. A shopkeeper wants to have a general program for his personal computer, which will prepare bills for each customer as and when he sells goods to them. His idea is that as soon as the customer purchases some goods from his shop, he will supply the description, unit price, and the quantity purchased for each item. s input to the computer. He wants that with this information, the computer should print each item along with its unit price, quantity purchased and the total price. Finally the computer should also print the total cost of all the items purchased by the customer. Assuming a sentinel value of zero for the quantity purchased field in the trailer record, draw a flowchart for the logic to do this job. Q7. Each employee pay record includes the hours worked and the pay rate. The gross pay is to be determined as hours worked times pay rate, and is to be printed for each employee.For all hours worked in excess of 40, the overtime rate, which is 1. 5 times the regular rate, is to be paid. Draw a flowchart for the problem logic to do this. Assume a suitable sent inel value for any of the input fields of the trailer record. Q8. The data file of Question 48 (even group Q7) is expanded to include several sets of data, each requiring calculation of its average. Each data set is followed by a trailer record with a value of -1; however the last data is followed by a trailer record with a value of -2.Draw a flowchart for the logic to perform this task. Solution. Q9. Draw a flow chart to add up all the even numbers between 0 and 100. Before ending, print the result of calculation. Solution. Q10. Draw a flowchart for the logic to find out whether a given triangle ABC is a right angled triangle. Assume that the sides are supplied as input and data. Print the answer as yes or no. Solution. Q11. Draw a flowchart for the logic to convert a number from base 10 to new base using division remainder technique. Solution. Question #2 ) Determine which characteristics of an algorithm the following procedures have and which they lack. Procedure 1 double(n:posit ive integer)// The purpose of this procedure is to double a positive integer while n > =0 do n 2n| Procedure 2 choose(a, b: integers)// The purpose of this procedure is to choose a number from two positive numbers x either a or b| Procedure 3 sum(n:positive integer)// The purpose of this procedure is to find the sum of first 9 digits. sum = 0while i < 10 do sum sum + i| 1.Procedure 4 divide(n:positive integer) // The purpose of this procedure is to find the reciprocal of a positive integer n till 1. while n>= 0 do m 1/n n n-1| Solution Procedure| Input| Output| Precision| Finiteness| Definiteness| Correctness| Generality| 1| NO| NO| YES| YES| NO| YES| YES| 2| NO | YES| NO| NO| YES| YES| NO| 3| YES| YES| YES| YES| YES| NO| YES| 4| NO| YES| NO| NO| YES| YES| NO| b) Modify above procedure so that they satisfies all the properties Procedure 1: if n >= 0 n 2n Procedure 2: if a>0 && b>0 either a or b Procedure 3: i 0 sum 0 while i < 10 do sum sum + i i++ Procedure 4: While n > 0 do m 1/n n n – 1 Question # 3 a) Find gcd(31415, 14142) by applying Euclid’s algorithm. Sol. gcd(31415%14142) gcd(14142%3131) gcd(3131%1618) gcd(1618%1513) gcd(1513%105) gcd(105%43) gcd(43%19) gcd(19%5) gcd(5%4) gcd(4%1) gcd(1%0) = 1 Answer. b) Estimate how many times faster it will be to find gcd(31415, 14142) by Euclid’s algorithm compared with the algorithm based on checking consecutive integers from min{m, n} down to gcd(m, n). Ans.The algorithm for finding gcd based on checking consecutive integers will take 14142 steps, whereas the Euclid’s algorithm took just 11 steps. So, 14142/11 we get 1285. We can say that Euclid’s algorithm is 1285 time faster. Question #4 What does Euclid’s algorithm do for a pair of numbers in which the first number is smaller than the second one? What is the largest number of times this can happen during the algorithm’s execution on such an input? Ans. According to Euclid’s algorithm if the first number i s smaller the second one then we have to swap the both values.We will have to swap only once. Question # 5 a) What is the smallest number of divisions made by Euclid’s algorithm among all inputs 1 ? m, n ? 10? b) Ans. For any possible combination of inputs among 1 ? m, n ? 10, the smallest number of division made by Euclid’s algorithm is 1. c) What is the largest number of divisions made by Euclid’s algorithm among all inputs 1 ? m, n ? 10? d) Ans. For any possible combination of inputs among 1 ? m, n ? 10, the largest number of divisions made by Euclid’s algorithm is 5 for (5,8). Question # 6Euclid’s algorithm, as presented in Euclid’s treatise, uses subtractions rather than integer divisions. Write a pseudo code for this version of Euclid’s algorithm. Ans. If a0 X b2-4ac If X < 0 print ‘no real roots exits’ else X1 -b+sqrt(X)/2a X2 -b-sqrt(X)/2a Return X1 and X2.

Antigone Study Guide

Antigone Study Guide 1) Antigone – Daughter of Oedipus, very forward, she goes out to bury her brother even though it was breaking the law of King Creon and gets caught for it and killed, also betrothed to Haemon. Ismene – Another daughter of Oedipus, timid, doesn’t want to disobey Creon. Ismene gets up to speak her mind for her sister when Antigone is faced with the crime of moving their brother body. King Creon – Brother of Jocasta (whom committed suicide. ) Was a captain/general of army and the next ruler of Thebes, very righteous, wants to be obeyed by everyone or results in death for them. Haemon – Son of Creon, betrothed to Antigone, and has a romantic relationship with her. Haemon get very angry when he finds out about the loss of his bride and then kills himself and dies holding her dead body. Tiresias – A seer, comes to Creon and tells him that he needs to release Antigone or more people will die and he will be in a very sorrowful position, Creon doesn’t head his words in enough time and ends up in despair. Eurydice – Wife of Creon; kills herself with a sharp dagger to the heart when she finds out about the death of her son Haemon. A Sentinel – Just informs Creon of happenings around Thebes; and helps him to find Antigone when they are looking for the law breaker. 2) The dramatic effect to show how all of the rest of their family have horribly perished by murder or their own hands, kind of foreshadowing what will happen to these last two children. Ismene’s view of the difference between men and women is that women are born women they aren’t meant to rule they are to be below men, and to be obedient. 3) She will lay with him for as long as needed no matter what. â€Å"The powers of earth will not be as good as the powers of the Gods. She willingly to do anything for her dead brother to bury him, â€Å"do holy things criminally,† is an oxymoron because holy is meant be good and righteous but doing it criminally which is a ‘conflict of values’ between good, holy and bad, criminal. 4) There is a law set by Creon not to bury or touch the body of Antigone’s dead brothe r, but Antigone wants to bury him no matter at what cost. People today want things that are illegal for them to do, for example, when a divorced parent kidnaps their own child from the custodial parent, law says it’s not their child but they do anything for their child they love. ) The Chorus is a group of Thesbian Senators; the use of emotion pulled the reader into the writing and the amazing flow with writing rhyming and tempo made it easy to get more absorbed in the passage, feeling how people listening to this play would feel. 6) He is apologetic for all the trouble people had while they were ruled by Oedipus, uses the comparison to a ship and stormy seas again, tells them they can get a secure footing now. He says that death awaits anyone that goes against him or touches that body. Their beliefs are similar because they are both out for love of something and are not letting anyone get in their way. ) The 1 Senator, suggested, â€Å"This must be something more than natur al,† as to say that it could be something out of the ordinary and abstract. We see that the body is sprinkled with a dust given a ritual then buried, and that disappearing bodies was just crazy. 8) He is describing sin and temptation when he says that it ruins cities, removes/runs men out from their families and homes, leads them on the wrong path, and sets humans on not righteous actions the gods want but just what a human wants and their instincts. 9) He acts a little amazed, then asks her if she will admit to it or not. He questions her without much other conversation and with the answers Antigone gives, Creon gets more angry seeing that she sees him as not high enough rank, and that she will only listen to laws made by the gods, and Creon does not want to be ordered around by a women. 10) I feel that Antigone choice was a foolish religious zealotry. There were laws set by her ruler and she disobeyed them because she felt like only laws created by gods truly mattered, and that disobeying a ruler would have no effect or punishment for her with anyone but Creon. 1) Ismene wants to die with her sister, she does not want to watch her sister die then have to live without her. Even though she was timid and didn’t actually breath the law and touch the body or be involved in its transportation. She tells Creon she was involved and become defiant and stiff wanting what she wants. 12) They tell how the history of family continues down the whole line and one mistake will ruin their heirs forever. They a lso say how much wrong Antigone’s family has created and all after them of their children will be damned as well. The sickle murderous, of the rulers of the dead, and the wild words beyond control, and the frenzy of her own soul, again mow down the shoot. † Explains of what all her family had done and that it needs to end. 13) Haemon goes from simply agreeing with his father to questioning Ceron’s right to do this to his betrothed. Then the two start to quarrel over Creon believing Haemon is following a women rather than him, when he is really just bringing up logical questions. Haemon is just trying to prove that it wasn’t trying to go against Creon’s law when she took her brother, but was just looking out for him because she loved her brother. 14) He changes it so that the blood of her death cannot be traced back to anyone, when she dies alone in a cave with some food provisions. Also to symbolizes that the dead should not be disturbed to be buried like she attempted to do with her brother, and to prove that she is, â€Å"A lost labour to revere the dead. † 15) We see a sad side of Antigone, were she says it will be her last time seeing light and she never had a wedding or a wedding song. The chorus kind of says, ‘be happy, don’t be sad, you did not go to the grave with a plague, or stabbed with a sword, you’re going to the grave alive! ’ 16) When Creon sees Tiresias, Tiresias asks him if he will follow what he says, Creon says he always does, but Tiresias start to scare Creon when he starts to speak. That adds to the dramatic effect, wanting to know what Tiresias will say. He says that it was right to bury the body and that no one should be punished for it. Also that if she isn’t released there will be more deaths then just Antigone’s. 7) Initially Creon is surprised and does not want to do what Tiresias is suggesting. It follows his character and his not wanted to be wrong and his want for power. Creon learns that the laws of the gods are more important than his own, even though he doesn’t want to accept it. 18) Creon went to check for the voice of his son Haemon in the cave before opening the cave, to release Antigone . Doing so caused the deaths of, Haemon, Polynices, and Antigone. If Creon had saved Antigone first it would have most likely saved Haemon when he saw his betrothed. Doing what Creon did proves how much his pride comes before anyone else. 19) Antigone – Hung herself with linen rope in the grave where she was left to die. Haemon – Stabbed himself through the chest with a sword after seeing Antigone’s dead body and holding her in his arms. Eurydice – Dead at the altar of Creon’s house, slain dead with a sharp edged dagger to her hear with her own hands. Polynices – Found dead at the top of a hill, on the hillside with wild dogs all around him taking their shares. 20) Creon learns that by condemning others he condemned his family and they ll tragically saw their fate because he couldn’t let Antigone burry her brother, that many more people close to Creon died. 21) Antigone is a ‘Tragic Figure’ because she dies in the story and makes the audience feel bad for her because she was punished severely for trying to do right by her brother and bury him. While King Creon is the true ‘Tragic Hero’ because he sees his wrong after pride and power set him off course and down the wrong path, and after he saw the light, it was too late to fix what had already begun, and many more people died when no one had to suffer or die at all.

The Rise of Mass Society

The Rise of Mass Society Introduction Just like any other period, the gilded age is associated with various changes in America and is linked with modernization of America. There were a lot of changes in the United States of America during the nineteenth century as the nation transformed from agricultural, secluded, rural, and traditional society to an industrialized, integrated, and urban knowledge society. There was the emergence of a modern industrial economy that brought about effective and efficient communication and transport networks among other benefits.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Mass Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although this period is considered to have had positive effects to the American economy, the benefits were unevenly distributed and there were attractive features on the surface while people suffered underneath from aspects of corruption. Mass society entails looking at the people as one and und ifferentiated, which cannot be completely achieved. The few people with powers took advantage of the opportunity over the majority who had no powers and exploited them. Drama and theater One of the most notable incidents was the changes in the drama and theatre sectors in the United States of America. There were a lot of external influences on the American theatre before the Gilded Age but it was now possible to produce stars, writers, and quality stage performers internally with little or no foreign influences. Musical theatre that combined both music and dance in performance also emerged and the United States could now compete with others for instance, in Europe and England since they were now nearly at the same level. America received musical entertainment from France and England during the nineteenth century but towards its end, Victor Herbert from America was able to produce his own musical entertainment, for example, the Prince Ananias, the Wizard of the Nile and the Serenade after which other persons came up with other musical entertainment. There was also a lot of improvement in drama and changes in perspectives of the people towards it as people learnt to appreciate it as opposed to associating it with immorality as it was the case initially. People stopped depending on external productions like Shakespeare and created their own productions. For example, American melodrama became popular than the melodramas from England and Europe. However, there were distinctions of people on class of basis as some would not afford to pay for the dramas. All these improvements were made possible due to technological advances brought about by industrial revolution (Hughes, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leisure There was change in leisure perspectives. Due to growth of consumption and work, there was increased interest in leisure activities as a way of u tilizing time away from work especially in the evenings and on vacations. Sports Sports was another aspect of concern in the gilded age as many games for instance outdoor tennis, basketball, and golf emerged and expanded in the United States. A good example of an important aspect in American sport is the formation of the first American tennis court in 1874 reducing dependence on external courts and enhancing the formation and maintenance of strong clubs. US Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) formation in 1881 was also a positive step in the tennis sport. St. Andrew golf club was established in America in 1888. Basketball originated in America unlike golf and tennis and hence everything was formulated afresh, from number of members to rules governing the game. It was initially perceived as a less serious sport but importance was attached to it as adult men and women got interested and joined in (Porter, 2010). Reference List Hughes, W. (2010). Theater during the Gilded Age. In Hoogenboo m, A, and Gary B. N, (Eds). Encyclopedia of American History: The Development of the Industrial United States, 1870 to 1899, Revised Edition (Volume VI). New York: Facts on File, Inc. Porter, D. L. (2010). Sports and Recreation in the Gilded Age. In Hoogenboom, A, and Gary B. N, (Eds). Encyclopedia of American History: The Development of the Industrial United States, 1870 to 1899, Revised Edition (Volume VI). New York: Facts on File, Inc.

German Phrasebook on Classroom Vocabulary

German Phrasebook on Classroom Vocabulary This phrasebook, a collection of English-German phrases and expressions for the German-language classroom, is intended as an aid for students who will use the target language (die Zielsprache: Deutsch) in a classroom setting. For beginners, use of a phonetic  German Alphabet  can help with pronunciation, as this guidance is not included here. Showing Respect Forms of Address: Mrs./Ms. Schmidt, Mr. Schmidt Anredeformen: Frau Schmidt, Herr Schmidt Note: Always address your teacher, professor, or other school personnel as Sie! Your fellow students should be addressed as du (one) or ihr (more than one). Common Classroom Phrases Hi there! Hi everyone!Hallo allerseits! Hallo alle zusammen! Sorry Im late.Tut mir Leid, dass ich zu spt komme. What does ___ mean?Was bedeutet/heißt ___? Whats the German for ___?Was heißt ___ auf Deutsch? I dont understand.Ich verstehe nicht. More slowly, please.Lamgsamer bitte. Pardon? What was that? (I didnt understand)Wie bitte? (Avoid Was?, the German equivalent of Huh?) Could you please repeat that? (to teacher)Bitte wiederholen Sie das! Could you please repeat that? (to student)Noch einmal bitte! May I go to the restroom?Darf ich auf die Toilette?/aufs Klo? Could I go out/leave for a minute?Darf ich kurz mal hinausgehen? How do you spell that?Wie schreibt man das? Ive already done that.Ich hab das schon gemacht. Do we have homework?Haben wir Hausaufgaben? Which page/exercise?Welche Seite/ÃÅ"bung? I dont know.Ich weiß nicht. I have no idea.Ich habe keine Ahnung. yes - no - OKja - nein - Schon gut. Whats the difference between ___ and ___?Was ist der Unterschied zwischen ___ und ___?

Internet Connectivity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Internet Connectivity - Research Paper Example High speed internet connectivity has greatly improved various areas (Huske, Protheroe, and Shellard, 2001). Consider the following rewards to investing in broadband internet: Waiting for pages to load is annoying. With broadband internet, pages load faster than average speed and require less page reloading. With high speed internet connection, people can browse the internet with many tabs open even with video and photos present on various pages. With broadband internet, one can stream media without interruptions. Streaming movies, music, and television shows is becoming increasingly popular and interruptions can be annoying especially when reloading a page requires more than just troubleshooting. Connections can be extremely slow if there is more than one person in a particular household using the internet at the same time. This is a major setback of the dial-up speeds internet connection. Broadband internet allows multiple users to access the internet at the same time that is; multiple users can access and utilize the internet concurrently without a hitch in connection (Vacca, 2001). To keep up with the technology of the future, you need to catch up with the technology of the present. Internet connectivity is, and will be, a necessity and there are various methods of being connected so as to be able to access and utilize the internet. Digital Subscriber Lines/Loop refers to a family of digital telecommunications protocols that allow high speed data communication over the existing telephone lines between end-users and telephone companies. DSL service is an umbrella of a number of different technologies. The most commonly installed DSL technology is the Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ASDL). DSL uses higher frequency bands for data and this is the reason why the DSL service is delivered simultaneously with wired telephone service on the same telephone line. DSL requires a modem that is responsible for splitting transmissions into two frequency bands